General Format
Author(s) last name, first initial, middle initial. (Year) Article Title. Journal Title, Volume#(issue#) pages. doi:#
**If no doi#, include instead: Retrieved from database name (unique article#). Please note, some articles do not have issue numbers, in this case just include the volume #.
Reference Page Example
DeLaet, D. L., & Caufield, R. P. (2008). Gay marriage as a religious right: Reframing the legal debate over gay marriage in the United States. Polity, 40, 297–320. doi:10.2307/40213478
Don't forget to include a hanging indent if your citation is more than one line!
General Format
Author last name, First Initial. (Year). Title in lowercase unless there is a proper noun. Journal Name Capitalized and Italicized, Volume(Issue), pages.
Reference Page Example
Hewlett, S.J,. (2021). Ableism in academia. Theorising experiences of disabilities and chronic illnesses in higher education. Critical Studies in Teaching and Learning, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.14426/cristal.v9i1.433
General Format
Author(s) last name, first initial, middle initial. (Full Date) Article title. Publication Title, Volume#(Include Issue# only if paginated by issue), pages. doi:#
**If no doi#, include instead: Retrieved from URL or journal homepage.
Reference Page Example
Rich, N. (2012, November 28). Can a jellyfish unlock the secret of immortality? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/magazine/can-a-jellyfish-unlock-the-secret-of-immortality.html
In-Text Citation Example
(Rich, 2012)
General Format
Author(s) last name, first initial, middle initial. (Year of publication). Book title. City of Publication: Publisher.
Reference Page Example
Stein, L. L. (2006). Speech rights in America: the First Amendment, democracy, and the media. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
In-Text Citation Example
(Stein, 2006)
General Instructions
Review author last name, first initial, middle initial. (Full date of publication) Title of Review [Review of the book Book Title, by Author/Director. Periodical Title Volume# (Include Issue# only if paginated by issue), pages. doi# (or database # or URL).
Works Cited Example
Tanner, D. E. (2010, August) The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks [Review of the book The immortal life of Henreitta Lacks]. Journal of Popular Culture 43, 916–918. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00776_11.x
Don't forget to use a hanging indent!
General Format
Author(s) last name, first initial, middle initial. (Year of publication). Selection title. In Editor name (Ed.), Book title (pp. pages). City of Publication: Publisher.
Reference Page Example
Hayes, D. (2010) "Parties and the media: Getting messages to voters." In J.M. Stonecash, New directions in American political parties (pp. 44-62). New York: Routledge.
In-Text Citation Example
(Hayes, 2020)
General Format
Author(s) of document last name, first initial, middle initial. (Full date or n.d.) Title of the document. Retrieved from URL
Reference Page Example
Pike, R. (2020, July 24). How long do potatoes last? – or how to store potatoes. Retrieved March 27, 2021, from https://www.thefamilyhomestead.com/how-long-do-potatoes-last/
In-Text Citation Example
(Pike, 2020)
APA in-text citations are made by incorporating information about the source into the text, followed by a parenthetical reference with specific pages cited or any additional information needed.
For full style rules and formatting, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, which is available at the circulation desk for in-library use. You can also see the following online guide for more in-text citation examples:
Basic examples:
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