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According to the CMOS Quick Guide, "The notes and bibliography system is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. The notes and bibliography system can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system."
According to the CMOS Quick Guide, The author-date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.
See below or click here for examples of citing sources in this style.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) last name, First name, "Article Name." Periodical Title, Full Date. URL.
Example
From the Chicago Manual of Style "In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar."
Note:
1. Bano, Shermeen and Inam ul Haq. "Poly-Symbolic Religiosity and the Dilemmas of American Sufism; an Ethnographic Study of Zikr at a Sufi Shrine in Manhattan." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 9, no. 1 (Spring, 2019): 7, http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/poly-symbolic-religiosity-dilemmas-american/docview/2302390511/se-2?accountid=28755.
2. Stern, Eliyahu. "Marx and the Kabbalah: Aaron Shemuel Lieberman’s Materialist Interpretation of Jewish History." Journal of the History of Ideas 79, no. 2 (2018): 289. doi:10.1353/jhi.2018.0017.
Bibliography (in alphabetical order):
Bano, Shermeen and Inam ul Haq. "Poly-Symbolic Religiosity and the Dilemmas of American Sufism; an Ethnographic Study of Zikr at a Sufi Shrine in Manhattan." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 9, no. 1 (Spring, 2019): 1-10. http://libgateway.susqu.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/poly-symbolic-religiosity-dilemmas-american/docview/2302390511/se-2?accountid=28755.
Stern, Eliyahu. "Marx and the Kabbalah: Aaron Shemuel Lieberman’s Materialist Interpretation of Jewish History." Journal of the History of Ideas 79, no. 2 (2018): 285-307. doi:10.1353/jhi.2018.0017.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) last name, First name, "Article Name." Journal Title Volume#, no. Issue# (Year): page(s).
Example
Note: Rafia Hasan, “The Role of Woman as Agents of Change and Development in Pakistan,” Human Rights Quarterly 3, no. 3 (1981): 68.
Bibliography: Hasan, Rafia. “The Role of Woman as Agents of Change and Development in Pakistan.” Human Rights Quarterly 3, no. 3 (1981): 68–75.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) last name, First name, "Article Name." Periodical Title, Full Date. URL.
Example
Note: Nathaniel Rich, “Can a Jellyfish Unlock the Secret of Immortality?,” The New York Times, November 28, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/ magazine/can-a-jellyfish-unlock-the-secret-of-immortality.html.
Bibliography: Rich, Nathaniel. 2012. “Can a Jellyfish Unlock the Secret of Immortality?” The New York Times, November 28. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/ magazine/can-a-jellyfish-unlock-the-secret-of-immortality.html.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) last name, First name. Book Title. Location: Publisher, Year.
Example
Note: Laura Lynn Stein, Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment, Democracy, and the Media (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 126.
Bibliography: Stein, Laura Lynn. Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment, Democracy, and the Media. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
General Format
Bibliography: Review author last name, first name. Review of Book/Performance Title, by Author/Director. Periodical Title Volume#, no. Issue# (Year): page(s).
Example
Note: David E. Tanner, review of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot, Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 4 (2012): 916.
Bibliography: Tanner, David E. Review of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot. Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 4 (2012): 916-918.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) of chapter/selection last name, first name. "Selection Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor full name, page(s). Location: Publisher, Year.
Example
Note: Danny Hayes, "Parties and the Media: Getting Messages to Voters," in New Directions in American Political Parties, ed. Jeffrey M. Stonecash (New York: Routledge, 2010), 44.
Bibliography: Hayes, Danny. "Parties and the Media: Getting Messages to Voters." In New Directions in American Political Parties, edited by Jeffrey M. Stonecash, 44-62. New York: Routledge, 2010.
General Format
Bibliography: Author(s) of short work last name, first name (if available). "Title of the short work." Website Title. Sponser of the Site. URL.
Example
Note: Crystal Miller, "Homemade Fermented Sauerkraut," The Family Homestead, The Family Homestead, http://www.thefamilyhomestead.com/ homemadekraut.htm.
Bibliography: Miller, Crystal. "Homemade Fermented Sauerkraut." The Family Homestead. The Family Homestead. http://www.thefamilyhomestead.com/ homemadekraut.htm.
General Format
Bibliography: Website author(s)/corporate author last name, first name (if available). Website Title. URL.
Example
Note: David Leip, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, http://uselectionatlas.org.
Bibliography: Leip, David. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. http://uselectionatlas.org.
General Format
Author(s) last name, First name. Year. "Article Name." Journal Title Volume#(Issue#): page(s). doi:# (if available) or URL.
Example
DeLaet, Debra L., and Rachel Paine Caufield. 2008. “Gay Marriage as a Religious Right: Reframing the Legal Debate over Gay Marriage in the United States.” Polity 40(3): 297–320. doi:10.2307/40213478.
General Format
Author(s) last name, First name. Year. "Article Name." Journal Title Volume#(Issue#): page(s).
Example
Hasan, Rafia. 1981. “The Role of Woman as Agents of Change and Development in Pakistan.” Human Rights Quarterly 3(3): 68–75.
General Format
Author(s) last name, First name. Year. "Article Name." Periodical Title, Month and Day. URL.
Example
Rich, Nathaniel. 2012. “Can a Jellyfish Unlock the Secret of Immortality?” The New York Times, November 28. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/02/ magazine/can-a-jellyfish-unlock-the-secret-of-immortality.html.
General Format
Author(s) last name, First name. Year. Book Title. Location: Publisher.
Example
Stein, Laura Lynn. 2006. Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment, Democracy, and the Media. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
General Format
Author(s) of chapter/selection last name, first name. Year. "Selection Title." In Book Title, edited by Editor full name, page(s). Location: Publisher.
Example
Hayes, Danny. 2010. "Parties and the Media: Getting Messages to Voters." In New Directions in American Political Parties, edited by Jeffrey M. Stonecash, 44-62. New York: Routledge.
General Format
Author(s) of short work last name, first name (if available). Year created (or accessed). "Title of the short work." Website Title. Month and day created (or accessed if undated). URL.
Example
Miller, Crystal. 2012. "Homemade Fermented Sauerkraut." The Family Homestead. November 28. http://www.thefamilyhomestead.com/ homemadekraut.htm.
General Format
Website author(s)/corporate author last name, first name (if available). Year created (or accessed). Website Title. Month and day created (or accessed if undated). URL.
Example
Leip, David. 2012. Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. November 28. http://uselectionatlas.org.
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